
@article{elias1980,
  title = {Accuracy and Performance Analysis of a Nuclear Belt Weigher},
  author = {Elias, E. and Pieters, W. and Yom-tov, Z.},
  date = {1980-12-01},
  journaltitle = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods},
  shortjournal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods},
  volume = {178},
  number = {1},
  pages = {109--115},
  issn = {0029-554X},
  doi = {10.1016/0029-554X(80)90863-0},
  abstract = {Nuclear belt weighers have a broad range of applications in the solid particle industry. This work analyzes the accuracy and sensitivity of nuclear weighers for a wide range of operational conditions and design parameters. The problem of the effect of material profile and bulk density variations on the scale performance is quantitatively addressed. A new methodology is developed to calculate the minimum detectable load accounting for both accuracy and sensitivity. Accuracies of less than 1\% can be achieved in some ideal situations by proper design of the source length and geometrical configuration.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/5MYVCG6T/Elias et al. - 1980 - Accuracy and performance analysis of a nuclear bel.pdf;/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/9HHFBGPZ/0029554X80908630.html}
}

@inproceedings{fojtik2014,
  title = {Measurement of the Volume of Material on the {{Conveyor Belt}} Measuring of the Volume of Wood Chips during Transport on the {{Conveyor Belt}} Using a Laser Scanning},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2014 15th {{International Carpathian Control Conference}} ({{ICCC}})},
  author = {Fojtík, David},
  date = {2014-05},
  pages = {121--124},
  doi = {10.1109/CarpathianCC.2014.6843581},
  abstract = {This article describe a mathematical background of calculating volume of Wood Chips that is measured by a laser scanning method during transport on Conveyor Belt. This method is realized in company Biocel Paskov a. s.},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/KAN8TYN3/Fojtík - 2014 - Measurement of the volume of material on the Conve.pdf;/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/D4YWDFB5/6843581.html}
}

@article{green1997,
  title = {Velocity and Mass Flow Rate Profiles of Dry Powders in a Gravity Drop Conveyor Using an Electrodynamic Tomography System},
  author = {Green, R. G. and Rahmat, M. F. and Dutton, K. and Evans, K. and Goude, A. and Henry, M.},
  date = {1997-04},
  journaltitle = {Measurement Science and Technology},
  shortjournal = {Meas. Sci. Technol.},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {429--436},
  publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
  issn = {0957-0233},
  doi = {10.1088/0957-0233/8/4/010},
  abstract = {This paper describes measurements made on a gravity drop conveyor using two arrays of axially spaced electrodynamic sensors to measure axial velocities close to the wall of the conveyor and velocity profiles both of flowing sand and of plastic beads. The level of correlation obtained using pixels is investigated. The velocity profile is combined with a tomographic concentration profile to estimate the mass flow profile, which is summed over the measurement cross section to estimate the mass flow rate. A calibration of the tomographically determined mass flow rate versus the actual mass flow rate is presented.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/YXA77VII/Green et al. - 1997 - Velocity and mass flow rate profiles of dry powder.pdf}
}

@article{min2020,
  title = {Design and {{Experiment}} of {{Dynamic Measurement Method}} for {{Bulk Material}} of {{Large Volume Belt Conveyor Based}} on {{Laser Triangulation Method}}},
  author = {Min, Fusong and Lou, Andong and Wei, Qun},
  date = {2020-01},
  journaltitle = {IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering},
  shortjournal = {IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.},
  volume = {735},
  number = {1},
  pages = {012029},
  publisher = {{IOP Publishing}},
  issn = {1757-899X},
  doi = {10.1088/1757-899X/735/1/012029},
  abstract = {In order to improve the measurement accuracy and efficiency of bulk material transported by large-capacity belt conveyor, an online dynamic non-contact metering system based on laser triangulation is designed on the belt conveyor platform. The system includes: laser Scanners, industrial camera, signal processing software, mechanical assemblies. High-precision basic measurement data is an important guarantee for the accuracy of bulk flow measurement. The laser scanner is used as a line source, and the scanning frequency is set to 300HZ, which is installed on the belt conveyor. Industrial camera accepts images produced by a line source projected onto the bulk surface. The signal processing software system analyzes the images, and uses the triangulation method directly calculate the three-dimensional contour information and volume flow of the bulk material. The flow filtering algorithm filters the instantaneous flow, smoothing the fluctuation of the flow data to reflect the real changes of the dry and wet degree of the bulk material on the belt, the degrees of surface cracking and shapes. Establish a mathematical model based on neural network and apply the belt shaking elimination algorithm to correct the previously calculated flow data to reduce the measurement error. In order to restore the actual belt conveyor bulk transportation conditions, a test belt with length 20m and speed 2m/s was produced according to the actual size. The physical simulation test of bulk material for potassium salt was carried out, the results show that the on-line measurement method based on laser triangular method has high efficiency and stable operation, and eliminates the influence of bulk density. The measurement error is ≤3.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/T7EPJ6J5/Min et al. - 2020 - Design and Experiment of Dynamic Measurement Metho.pdf}
}

@online{nethatHilscher,
  title = {{{netHAT}}},
  date = {2017-08-16T10:08:41+01:00},
  url = {https://www.hilscher.com},
  urldate = {2022-01-20},
  abstract = {The netHAT module upgrades a Raspberry Pi® to a Real-Time Ethernet capable slave device allowing the exchange of cyclic process data between a Pi application and a Real-Time Ethernet network.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {{Hilscher Gesellschaft für Systemautomation mbH}},
  keywords = {online},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/ZCRJXLMW/nethat.html}
}

@inproceedings{pizlo2010,
  title = {High-Level Programming of Embedded Hard Real-Time Devices},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th {{European}} Conference on {{Computer}} Systems},
  author = {Pizlo, Filip and Ziarek, Lukasz and Blanton, Ethan and Maj, Petr and Vitek, Jan},
  date = {2010-04-13},
  series = {{{EuroSys}} '10},
  pages = {69--82},
  publisher = {{Association for Computing Machinery}},
  location = {{New York, NY, USA}},
  doi = {10.1145/1755913.1755922},
  abstract = {While managed languages such as C\# and Java have become quite popular in enterprise computing, they are still considered unsuitable for hard real-time systems. In particular, the presence of garbage collection has been a sore point for their acceptance for low-level system programming tasks. Real-time extensions to these languages have the dubious distinction of, at the same time, eschewing the benefits of high-level programming and failing to offer competitive performance. The goal of our research is to explore the limitations of high-level managed languages for real-time systems programming. To this end we target a real-world embedded platform, the LEON3 architecture running the RTEMS real-time operating system, and demonstrate the feasibility of writing garbage collected code in critical parts of embedded systems. We show that Java with a concurrent, real-time garbage collector, can have throughput close to that of C programs and comes within 10\% in the worst observed case on realistic benchmark. We provide a detailed breakdown of the costs of Java features and their execution times and compare to real-time and throughput-optimized commercial Java virtual machines.},
  isbn = {978-1-60558-577-2},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/JQHSRQ3V/Pizlo et al. - 2010 - High-level programming of embedded hard real-time .pdf}
}

@misc{protogerakisInterview2022,
  title = {A Discussion on the Opportunities and Implementation of {{LIDAR-based}} Volumetric Analysis for Industrial Applications},
  year = {Wintersemester 2021/22},
  editora = {Protogerakis, Michael},
  editoratype = {collaborator},
  annotation = {Interviewees: \_:n41}
}

@article{qiao2022,
  title = {Dual-Field Measurement System for Real-Time Material Flow on Conveyor Belt},
  author = {Qiao, Wei and Lan, Yuan and Dong, Huijie and Xiong, Xiaoyan and Qiao, Tiezhu},
  date = {2022-03-01},
  journaltitle = {Flow Measurement and Instrumentation},
  shortjournal = {Flow Measurement and Instrumentation},
  volume = {83},
  pages = {102082},
  issn = {0955-5986},
  doi = {10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2021.102082},
  abstract = {In this paper, an innovative dual-field measurement system is proposed for measuring the real-time material flow on the conveyor belt. The system consists of two light sources to illuminate the upper and the lower surface of the conveyor belt, respectively, and two binocular cameras to capture the dual-field contour images. The contour curves are extracted from the images by the contour acquisition algorithm and fitted with linear interpolation functions for the calculation of instantaneous cross-sectional area of material flow. Then the real-time volume of material flow is obtained according to the belt speed. Compared with conventional visual methods, the proposed method is no need to preliminarily acquire the data of the empty belt as well as hardly affected by belt deformation. Some measured objects are prepared for both sectional area and volume measurement. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed system can achieve up to 96.3\% and 96.05\% for the volume measurement of regular materials and coals, respectively, which is superior to the conventional visual method. The proposed measurement method has strong robustness and low construction cost, which is expected to generalize and apply in the bulk material transport field.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/CF3FGGIS/Qiao et al. - 2022 - Dual-field measurement system for real-time materi.pdf;/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/HBY4G8LX/S0955598621001837.html}
}

@online{qtWebsite,
  title = {Qt | {{Cross-platform}} Software Development for Embedded \& Desktop},
  url = {https://www.qt.io},
  urldate = {2022-01-14},
  abstract = {Qt is the faster, smarter way to create innovative devices, modern UIs \& applications for multiple screens. Cross-platform software development at its best.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {online},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/XXBWBBYM/www.qt.io.html}
}

@software{realsense_git,
  title = {{{IntelRealSense}}/Librealsense},
  shorttitle = {Realsense},
  date = {2022-01-06T15:30:33Z},
  origdate = {2015-11-17T20:42:18Z},
  url = {https://github.com/IntelRealSense/librealsense},
  urldate = {2022-01-06},
  abstract = {Intel® RealSense™ SDK},
  organization = {{Intel® RealSense™}},
  keywords = {online}
}

@misc{realsenseDatasheet,
  title = {Intel {{RealSense LiDAR Camera L515 Datasheet}}},
  date = {2021-01},
  keywords = {online}
}

@online{rpiSpecs,
  title = {Raspberry {{Pi}} 4 {{Model B}} Specifications},
  author = {Ltd, Raspberry Pi},
  url = {https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/},
  urldate = {2022-01-19},
  abstract = {Your tiny, dual-display, desktop~computer …and robot brains, smart home hub, media centre, networked AI core, factory controller, and much more.},
  langid = {british},
  organization = {{Raspberry Pi}},
  keywords = {online},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/5MZGKNTH/specifications.html}
}

@online{rtwiki,
  title = {Real-{{Time Linux Wiki}}},
  url = {https://rt.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page},
  urldate = {2022-01-06},
  keywords = {online},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/QVWI8QGE/Main_Page.html}
}

@article{tomobe2006,
  title = {Continuous {{Mass Measurement}} on {{Conveyor Belt}}},
  author = {Tomobe, Yuki and Tasaki, Ryosuke and Yamazaki, Takanori and Ohnishi, Hideo and Kobayashi, Masaaki and Kurosu, Shigeru},
  date = {2006-01-01},
  journaltitle = {IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems},
  volume = {126},
  pages = {264--269},
  issn = {0385-4221},
  doi = {10.1541/ieejeiss.126.264},
  abstract = {The continuous mass measurement of packages on a conveyor belt will become greatly important. In the mass measurement, the sequence of products is generally random. An interesting possibility of raising throughput of the conveyor line without increasing the conveyor belt speed is offered by the use of two or three conveyor belt scales (called a multi-stage conveyor belt scale). The multi-stage conveyor belt scale can be created which will adjust the conveyor belt length to the product length. The conveyor belt scale usually has maximum capacities of less than 80kg and 140cm, and achieves measuring rates of more than 150 packages per minute and more. The output signals from the conveyor belt scale are always contaminated with noises due to vibrations of the conveyor and the product to be measured in motion. In this paper an employed digital filter is of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) type designed under the consideration on the dynamics of the conveyor system. The experimental results on the conveyor belt scale suggest that the filtering algorithms are effective enough to practical applications to some extent.},
  keywords = {digital filter,mass measurement,multi-stage conveyor belt scale},
  annotation = {ADS Bibcode: 2006ITEIS.126..264T},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/P628FS3A/Tomobe et al. - 2006 - Continuous Mass Measurement on Conveyor Belt.pdf}
}

@article{zeng2015,
  title = {Measurement of Bulk Material Flow Based on Laser Scanning Technology for the Energy Efficiency Improvement of Belt Conveyors},
  author = {Zeng, Fei and Wu, Qing and Chu, Xiuming and Yue, Zhangsi},
  date = {2015-11-01},
  journaltitle = {Measurement},
  shortjournal = {Measurement},
  volume = {75},
  pages = {230--243},
  issn = {0263-2241},
  doi = {10.1016/j.measurement.2015.05.041},
  url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263224115003061},
  urldate = {2022-01-27},
  abstract = {Bulk material flow is the key variable of speed control technology and is responsible for the improving energy efficiency in belt conveyors. This paper presents the design and verification of a mathematical model intended for the measurement of bulk material flow on belt conveyor using laser scanning technology. This problem is solved using the method of non-contact measurement, which can acquire the surface profile of bulk materials moving on a belt conveyor in real-time using a laser scanner and a belt speed monitor. A contour extraction solution is proposed in accordance with the space’s morphological characteristics and the material flow outline in one frame. By integrating the element areas of the bulk material cross section, a mathematical model to calculate the flow rate of bulk materials on moving belt is established. The main advantage of these models is that the measure accuracy is less affected that previous model by the uneven distribution and intermittence of bulk materials. The concept of the experimental rig at Wuhan University of Technology of China is designed so that it represents a 3.5m long belt conveyor system on which bulk material flow detecting experiments can be conducted. When the belt operates at speed of 0.5m/s, 1.0m/s and 1.5m/s, the repeatability, the correlation and the variation coefficient of the measurement value are more than 98\%. The experimental results prove the excellent characteristics of the new device for real practice because the characteristics correspond to real operational conditions. The obtained results are useful for analysing belt mechanical properties under real operational conditions and for optimising operating procedures of belt conveyor systems.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Belt conveyor,Bulk material flow,Energy efficiency improvement,Laser scanning,Non-contact measurement},
  file = {/home/naresh/Zotero/storage/8I8VNNBU/Zeng et al. - 2015 - Measurement of bulk material flow based on laser s.pdf}
}

@software{zeromq_git,
  title = {{{ZeroMQ}}},
  shorttitle = {Zeromq},
  date = {2022-01-05T21:55:24Z},
  origdate = {2009-07-29T09:56:41Z},
  url = {https://github.com/zeromq/libzmq},
  urldate = {2022-01-06},
  abstract = {ZeroMQ core engine in C++, implements ZMTP/3.1},
  organization = {{The ZeroMQ project}},
  keywords = {online}
}


